Arabic Morphological Analyzer. This is an experimental Java applet with a built-in keyboard for those who don't have their own. From Xerox Research Center Europe.

Shape Schematization in Assamese Classifiers by Jugal K. Kalita. The concept of schematization has been discussed at length in the context of English spatial prepositions. In this paper, Kalita shows that the idea of space schematization also applies to an extended set of classifiers or enclitical definitives that are found in an Indo-European language called Assamese.

Austronesian Language Comparison by Raymond Weisling . This is a comparison of core vocabulary of 13 Austronesian languages, including Indonesian, Javanese, Balinese, Sundanese, Madurese, Sawu, Toraja, Tagalog, Maori, Fijian, Hawaiian, Malagasy, and Rapanui.

Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar. An on-line version of the classic Latin grammar book contributed and maintained by James O'Donnell.

A Brief Latin Grammatical Aid. Lynn H. Nelson, University of Kansas, December 30, 1990. This grammar reference list presently contains two sections: examples of translations for the various uses of several noun cases, and the endings for regular nouns, adjectives, active verbs, and present participles. Later editions will increase this coverage.

Basque Tense and Aspect. A substantial treatment of Tense and Aspect by Basque with a short bibliography by Martin Haase.

Byron Bender's 'Morphological Paradoxes'. This is the written version of a talk on morphology given as a guest lecture in Ling 615, The Nature of Language, Fall Semester 1994. The focus was on the foundations of linguistics—morphology in this case.

Bulgarian Morphological Analyzer Hristo Krushkov of the University of Plodiv maintains this morphological analyzer of Bulgarian. Insert an entire Bulgarian sentence and each word will be identified and analyzed. Alternatively, you may enter any two agreeing words and check their agreement .

Con-jugador. This is a Spanish verb conjugator. Type in the verb stem and it will be conjugated.

Conjugue is a dictionary and electronic verb conjugator of 15 different languages: Catalan, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, Galician, German, Italian, Latin, Occitan, Old English, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish and Swedish. An excellent language-learning tool.

Computational Morphology: Introduction to the ALE-RA System by Colin Matheson. This document describes how to run ALE -ra on the Centre For Cognitive Science/Human Communication Research Centre machines, and also describes briefly the main commands necessary to compile lexicon files and view the results .

English Neologisms. This site contains one hundred 'new' words from the Independent newspaper for the period January to March 1994. The words have been selected from an original list of 11,699 types which were identified as being new by filtering software developed by the University of Liverpool Research and Development Unit for English Studies during the AVIATOR Project, 1990 - 1993.

The Ergative State of Early Proto-Indo-European by Hans-Joachim Alscher. This on-line article examines briefly the syntactic structure, the origin of the case system and verbal affixes in Proto-Indo-European. If the link doesn't work, try here .

French Conjugation. You insert the infinitive and select the verbal tense, voice, and mood, and the INFL analyzer will give you the conjugation. The INFL analyzer is a licensed product of the MultiLingual Theory and Technology team at the Rank Xerox Research Center, in Grenoble, France made available to ARTFL through a technology exchange agreement. The principal developers of INFL are Lauri Karttunen and Annie Zaenen.

French Morphological Analyzer. The ARTFL Project: morphological analysis using the INFL analyzer allows you to enter one or more French words (lower case only, no punctuation) at the prompt and returns the context-free morphological analysis for each term .

Introduction to German Grammar. This is a temporary resource for learning beginning German or reviewing German provided by Gary Smith of William & Mary. It contains the basic paradigms of nouns, adjective, and verbs.

GERTWOL German Morphological Analyzer. There isn't much information about the analyzer on the site but it seems to work well .

German Morphology Browser. The program knows 1.2 million words, their morphosyntactic features and their mapping to some 130.000 lexemes. In addition, it knows all relationships between simple and complex lexemes. Out of the 130.000 lexemes, only 13.4% are simple. The rest are complex and based on the simple lexemes. However, this site is a demo of technology and content.

Greek Morphological Analyzer. The Perseus Project: morphological analysis using the morphological analyzer allows you to enter one or more Greek words in Latin transliteration at the prompt and returns the morphological analysis for each term.

Hindi Morphological Analyzer (Tagger). Type in a phrase or word and this analyzer will identify the parts of speech and their morphological functions. Written by Vasu Renganathan of the University of Pennsylvania.

How Similar are Estonian and Finnish? This article by Eugene Holman of the University of Helsinki discusses the declensions and conjugations of both languages.

Multilingual Verb Conjugator. Now you can conjugate at least some of the regular verbs in 27 different languages. The LOGOS verb conjugator gives you all the forms of regular verbs in its database for 27 languages, including Italian, French, Spanish, Polish, German, Esperanto, English, Latin, Portuguese, Greek, Finnish, Czech, Croatian, Sicilian. It is a work in progress that still lacks many verbs.

Italian Clitics by Paola Monachesi This site contains many of Dr. Monachesi's articles on Italian and Romanian clitics which may be downloaded.

Latin Parser and Translator. This is a beta or developers copy of a Visual Basic program which Adam McLean designed to assist people in translating from Latin into English. I am making this available in the hope that it might help people undertake some translations (download).

Latin Verb Conjugation Java Applet. This is a Java Version of the Latin conjugation program. It will conjugate any regular verb into any of the six tenses of the indicative mood, and into either active or passive voice. You must enter one of the principal parts of the verb.

Xerox Research Corporation's Morphological Analyzer for Arabic, English, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Dutch, and German. These finite-state analyzers have been compiled using two-level morphology rules . These morphological analyzers are also used in XRCE's part-of-speech taggers .

The Roots of Mambila: Convergence and divergence in the development of Mambila by Bruce Connell. This paper shows that Mambila comprises two major dialect clusters, though the division is not that envisaged by previous researchers. This paper provides evidence of a new division among Mambila dialects and then explores the relative roles of divergence and convergence in Mambila and what the Mambila situation can tell us about the dynamics of language change more generally.

Study Guide to Wheelock's Latin Grammar. This study guide was written by Dale Grote of UNC Charlotte. It contains many conjugation and declension paradigms to supplement Wheelock.

Spanish Morphological Analyzer (Licensed). This C/C++ morphological analyzer that makes use of the ARIES Spanish lexical interface listed on the same page. This permits to improve efficiency by integrating word segmentation with lexical access also. By now, it is a (pseudo)-unification chart based parser for context-free morphological grammars.

Swahili Noun Classes. This is a preliminary report by Ellen Contini-Morava on a two-phase study of the semantics and syntax of noun classification in Swahili. Phase I, the topic of the present paper, is an investigation of the semantic structure of the noun classes, from a cognitive-semantic perspective.

Turkish Morphological Analyzer. This analyzer has been developed using the two-level transducer technology developed by Xerox . It can process about 900 forms/sec on Sparc station 10/41, though industrial strength versions of the SW work significantly faster. This implementation of Turkish uses about 30,000 Turkish root words.

Ural-Altaic Language Page A comparative study of all the morphological features of the Uralic and Altaic languages.

Welsh Conjugational Endings and Irregular Forms. This is the appendix of an on-line Welsh grammar by Mark Nodine. The rest of the grammar may be accessed through the built-in buttons.

Word Manager. Word Manager is a system for the acquisition and management of reusable morphological and phrasal dictionaries . It has a knowledge acquisition component and a knowledge representation which enable a more flexible use than typical finite-state systems.

WordNet. WordNet is an on-line lexical reference system whose design is inspired by current theories of human lexical memory. English nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are organized into synonym sets, each representing one underlying lexical concept. Different relations link the synonym sets.

XTAG Tree Adjoining Parser. XTAG is an on-going project to develop a wide-coverage grammar for English using a feature-based and lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar formalism. XTAG also serves as an system for the development of TAGs and consists of a predictive left-to-right parser, an X-windows interface, a morphological analyzer, and a part-of-speech tagger (download).

Word Frequency Indexer. Catherine Ball of Georgetown's Linguistics Department has written a very useful script that analyzes text you put in for word (token) frequency.

Your Name in Hieroglyphics Translate words or phrases into ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.